ised for ng geometric The Big Picture 81 imitate THE BIG PICTURE THE RISE OF GREECE Darmo stoi). of the heroes 10000 ed from n two music marity, by the aic Greekan e Near East n in Greece hat has a bleis). hnique in a mixtun bination t from Language and Literature The poet Homer lived during the eighth century BCE. His epic narratives on the Trojan War --The Iliad and The Odyssey were composed centuries after the actual event and were recited by generations of bards until they were written down sometime in the sixth century BCE. Hesiod's Works and Days captures Greek agrarian values as well as the trials, tribulations, and rewards of the life of a farmer. Hesiod also wrote the Theogony, a poetic account of the origins of the world. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet ca. 700 BCE. Lyric verse replaced Homeric heroic verse during the Archaic period; Sappho of Lésbos was the first woman to leave a literary record that reflects her own personal experiences. Herodotus (484-420 BCE), who has been called the "father of history," wrote the Histories in nine volumes. Art, Architecture, and Music By the eighth century BCE, Greeks returned to the representation of the human figure, first in painting on pottery, then in small bronze sculptures. Because of the prevalence of abstract motifs in vase painting, this period is called the Geometric period. Contact with cultures of the Near East brought Eastern artifacts to Greece; motifs and styles borrowed from Mesopotamia and Egypt are seen in the Orientalizing period of Greek art. The earliest life-size Greek stone sculptures coincided with the first Greek settlement in Egypt, around the mid-seventh century BCE, and markedly resembled Egyptian cult statues. During the Archaic period, life-size figures of the nude male appeared and artists began to represent the human form in a way that was true to nature; smiles were added to create a more lifelike appearance. In architecture, the Archaic period was marked by the construction of several major peripteral temples and the development of the Doric and lor orders. Athenians developed black-figure vase painting by the mid-sixth century BCE, with Exekias as its unparalleled master; red-figure vase painting is traced back to ca. 530 BCE. The introduction of contrapposto in the Kritios Boy, along with the sideward glance of the head, separate the Archaic period from the Classical period of Greek art. Greek music was composed using a series of distinct modes or scale types; each mode was seen as powerful enough to effect human behavior specific way. The kithara (a seven-string lyre) and the aulos (a double-reed instrument) were developed ca. 675 BCE and were used, like most musical instruments, to accompany singers; purely instrumental music was introduced at the end of the Archaic period. A vast literature on music theory developed; Pythagoras discovered the numerical relationship of music harmonies and our modern musical ure. t half comits cy of re oth Philosophy and Religion Greeks sought explanations from their deities for natural phenomena and psychological characteristics that they recognized in themselves Greek mythology offered no central body of information; rather, there were often varying versions of the same basic story. Greek myth and consisted of folktales, primitive customs, and traditional rituals. It is often said that the Greeks made their gods into men and their men into gods; the difference between gods and human beings was sir gods were immortal. The Presocratic philosophers (who lived and died before Socrates and Plato) were united by their use of logic and theoretical reasoning practical questions about the world and human experience. Presocratic schools of philosophy included Materialism, Pythagoreanism, Atomism Presocratics emphasized the human rather than the divine; Protagoras said, “Man is the measure of all things, of the existence of those and of the nonexistence of those that do not."
Purchase answer to see full attachment